Full Depth Guide by Application
| Application | Recommended Depth | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Driveway (light vehicles) | 4" total | 2" base (#411) + 2" surface (#57) |
| Driveway (heavy vehicles) | 6–8" total | 4" base + 2–3" surface |
| Pedestrian path / walkway | 2–3" | On 1" compacted sand or base |
| Patio surface | 2–3" | Pea gravel; needs edging |
| Decorative garden bed | 2" | Over landscape fabric |
| Drainage trench fill | 12"+ | Full trench depth, coarse gravel |
| Under patio pavers | 4–6" | Compacted crushed stone base |
| Playground surface | 6–12" | See ASTM F1292 for fall height |
| French drain | 8–12" | Surround pipe with 3–4" gravel |
The 2-Layer Driveway System
For any gravel driveway, a two-layer system outperforms a single deep layer of the same material. Here's why each layer matters:
Layer 1: #411 Crusher Run (Base)
3–4 inches
Compacts into a rock-hard structural base. The angular edges lock together and resist movement under vehicle weight. This is what prevents ruts.
Layer 2: #57 Crushed Stone (Surface)
2–3 inches
Angular 3/4" stone that drains well, doesn't track into the house, and looks attractive. Stays in place better than round stones.
Optional: Landscape Fabric
Under layer 1
Prevents gravel from sinking into soil over time and blocks weeds. Use a woven geotextile — not plastic sheeting.
Coverage: How Much Gravel Per Depth
One cubic yard covers these areas at different depths:
2 inches
162 sq ft
Garden bed, path
3 inches
108 sq ft
Path, patio
4 inches
81 sq ft
Driveway base
6 inches
54 sq ft
Heavy driveway
8 inches
40 sq ft
New driveway base
12 inches
27 sq ft
Drainage trench
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